Ladders - Set Up

The Construction Projects Regulations specify the set up requirements for certain types of ladders and situations.

A portable ladder must: [O. Reg. 213/91, s. 81]

• Be free from defective or loose rungs
• Be placed on a firm and level footing or support surface
• Not be used in an elevator shaft or a similar area while the area is being used for hoisting. Not be used in an elevator shaft or hoisting area when that shaft or area is being used
• Be positioned so that the base is between one-quarter (1/4) to one-third (1/3) of the length of the ladder when the ladder is not securely fastened (when using a non-self-supporting portable ladder). Use a point directly below the top of the ladder that is at the same level as the base to determine this distance.
• Not be tied or fastened to another ladder or section of a ladder to increase the length, unless the manufacturer’s instructions allow for this procedure
• Be used according to the manufacturer’s instructions (when the ladder is manufactured)

When a portable ladder is used as a means of access and egress (entry and exit) between levels of a building or structure, ground or grade level to a building or structure, or different work surface levels, the ladder must: [O. Reg. 213/91, s. 82]

• Extend 90 cm above landing surface of the upper level
• Have a clear space of at least 15 cm behind every rung. This requirement does not apply to ladders lying on properly sloped excavation walls.
• Be located so that the landing area at the top and bottom are clear of obstructions
• Be secured at the top and bottom to prevent movement

Step-ladders must have their legs fully spread open and the spreaders locked. [O. Reg. 213/91, s. 83(1)] No worker will stand or step on: [O. Reg. 213/91, s. 83(2)]

• The top cap, top step, or pail shelf of a step ladder
• The top cap, or top step of a combination ladder (when used as a step ladder)
• The top step of an extension section of an extension trestle ladder, or
• The top step of a trestle ladder.

Recommended procedures for setting up ladders include:

• Checking the ladder for defects
• Check areas around the ladder for trash, materials or other obstructions
• Check for and avoid powerlines
• Secure the base of the ladder from movement by using non-slip feet, nail/cleat, or otherwise anchored
• Set the ladder on a firm, level surface
• Tie off the top of the ladder, or otherwise secure it from moving
• Extend the ladder at least 90 cm above the landing when used for access to another level
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions for setting up the ladder
• Use a ladder of the right length so that the worker can perform their task while standing on the fourth rung from the top. The ladder should also be tied off or equipped with a suitable ladder stabilizer
• Do not use ladders horizontally
• Do not tie ladders together to make a longer ladder
• Maintain three point contact while climbing
• Keep your centre of gravity within the ladder’s side rails

For more information about ladders, use the documents listed under the resources tab.